Anusandhaan - Vigyaan Shodh Patrika

Membrane-Based Technology for Air Pollution Treatment

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

Air pollution is currently one of the biggest global environmental challenges. The rapid increase in environmental awareness led to strict regulations on air pollution control and great development in air filtration or cleaning technologies. The artificial membrane is one of the promising technologies for air filtration due to its high efficiency, low cost, and easy to scale-up. Electro-spun fibrous and micro porous polymeric air filtration membranes have been used to provide high efficiency in pollutant reduction. Fibrous membranes are made up of irregularly spaced micro-fibers or nano-fibers and are being widely used for the removal of fine particles present in aerosols, dust, etc. Similarly micro porous membranes are also being used for the removal of particles present in toxic gases. This paper describes the role of membrane technologies in air pollution control.

Contribution of teachers towards inclusive education

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

The National Education Policy-2020 has brought a major change in the Indian education system, which aims to ensure equal and quality education for all sections. The main focus of inclusive education under this education policy is to provide equal opportunities to all students, regardless of their social, economic, cultural or physical background. In this, emphasis has been laid on bringing children with special needs, students with disabilities and marginalized groups of the society into the mainstream of education. The National Education Policy-2020 makes provision for specially training teachers in this direction. In this, teacher education institutions have been instructed to prepare special courses, so that teachers are able to adopt the principles and practices of inclusive education. In addition, continuous development and training programs have also been arranged for teachers, so that they remain aware of and use the latest teaching methods and techniques. The attitude and behavior of teachers also play an important role in the success of inclusive education.Inclusive classrooms require teachers to have patience, empathy, and flexibility to meet the diverse needs of all students.Therefore, in the context of the New Education Policy-2020, the contribution of teachers is central to achieving the goals of inclusive education, and for this their continuous development and training is very important.

Biodiversity: An Indian Perspective

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

As human population has increased over the last few decades; there has been expanding pressure on nature. A strong revolution is needed to promote the sustainable use of natural resources to preserve and protect biodiversity.This presentation provides a brief overview of the recent loss of biodiversity in India by reviewing the present status of biological wealth and by identifying areas which need sincere attention. There is an urgent need to monitor loss of biodiversity by assessing the situations which lead to extinction of species. This may be achieved by collecting all established case studies and information from scientific field. A challenge remains, however, in using this information to provide logical solutions for the effective conservation of natural wealth.

Study of social isolation and its causes in adolescents

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

This study examines the phenomenon of social isolation, its context, causes and consequences in relation to adolescents. It’s important to understand why some people become socially isolated. Family relationships, friendships, economic status, and technology use besides several other important factors may cause social isolation among adolescents. The study highlights how these factors increase feelings of loneliness, isolation and subsequently lead to certain mental health problems, such as anxiety and depressive states. The results of the study call for interventions that focus on helping adolescents develop social competence and social resilience, among other things. Hopefully that this research will support interventions that ensure the most social obligations that aim to improve interactions among youth and help eliminate the causes associated with adolescent social isolation.

Diversity of Chlorophyceae of Leram lake of Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, W.B., India

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

There are many lakes in Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (AJCBIBG), Howrah and all the lakes are interconnected to each other. It was observed that the sewage is entering in Leram Lake from outside sources. The purpose of the study of the Leram Lake is to study the diversity of Chlorophyceae of the Lake. During study altogether 15 species of Chlorophyceae were identified. The genus Scenedesmus Meyen exhibits remarkable seasonal variation. This is the first study report of diversity of Chlorophyceae of Leram Lake of AJCBIBG, Howrah.

Phytoremediation : an innovative technique

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

The build-up of toxic heavy metals in soils and water streams is now seen as a major environmental problem that harms both plants and animals. Phytoremediation is an effective, economical and ecologically acceptable remediation method that can detoxify and sequester dangerous heavy metals in the plant's contaminated ecosystem. Due to the lack of wastewater treatment infrastructure, developing countries are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination in their soils and water supplies. Most wastewater treatment methods are considered to be expensive and out of the reach of governments and small pollution treatment companies. When land is available, phytotechnology is a viable, sustainable, cost-effective and ecologically friendly way to treat wastewater in residences and commercial buildings. The adoption of phytoremediation has thus been hindered by the fact that a large segment of the population in developing countries is unaware of recent developments and has expressed interest in more conventional treatment techniques. This review discusses the idea of phytoremediation and the ways in which plants eliminate heavy metals.

Evaluation of Security Challenges on Unregulated India-Nepal Borders

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

This research paper focuses on assessing security challenges along the unregulated India-Nepal borders, analyzing the complexities and security-related issues between India and Nepal. The border stretches approximately 1,751 kilometers and is influenced by natural barriers and cultural connections. The study explores various security challenges such as illegal trade, human trafficking, and terrorism that arise due to these irregular borders. This research paper also examines how social, economic, and political factors affect these security issues. Despite the deep cultural ties and political cooperation between India and Nepal, there are serious concerns regarding border security. Finally, the study offers suggestions on how improved collaboration, technological measures, and effective policies can address these challenges. This research represents a significant step toward new perspectives and solutions in the field of border security.

Nano Natural Products: A Potential Source for Safer Drug Development

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nano scale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines. Recently, there are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine or immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases. The current investigation, presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based safer drug delivery through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel nano natural products and selective diagnosis through disease marker safer drugs. The opportunities and challenges of nano natural products based nanomedicines in drug delivery from natural sources to their clinical applications. In addition, we have included information regarding the trends and perspectives in the field of natural products based safer nano phytopharmaeuticals and nanomedicines.

Hunting boxes in Protected Areas and Forests of Rajasthan with special reference to southern part of the state

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

Hunting boxes and hunting lodges are confined to protected areas and other forested zones of Rajasthan across the state. Presence of these hunting boxes is a sound evidential about the olden days’ distribution range of the tigers in the state. These hunting boxes can be used for wildlife census, fire surveillance and eco-tourism activities.

Fifteenth Finance Commissions and the Challenge of Horizontal Equity: A Review

2025-06-04T13:28:26+00:00

India is a country where large scale inter-states imbalances exist. This is either due to non- availability of infrastructural facilities and differential factor endowments, inherent concentration of development in some regions or due to increasing centralization of revenue and increasing decentralization of responsibilities which is rooted in the structure of its federation. To offset fiscal disadvantages resulting from regional imbalances, a federal democracy requires institutional arrangement to channelize flow of funds from the Centre to the states in an orderly and even handed manner. In line with this, the current paper examines the recommendations of last two Finance Commissions from the perspective of horizontal equity over the span of a decade. The chapter is divided into six sections besides the introduction. Section II deals with the distribution criteria adopted by two Finance Commissions and their impact on transfers. Section III examines the recommendations of Fifteenth Finance Commission and its impact on inter-state equity. Section IV evaluates the impact of transfers made over the span of last two Finance commission and the progressivity analysis. Section V presents the conclusion of the chapter.

A conceptual study of the major psychological factors necessary for adjustment of teachers

2025-05-12T12:51:47+00:00

This study examines the psychological factors that underline teachers' adaptation to the educational environment. Teachers' adjustment and job satisfaction also help to enhance student learning. For teachers' adjustment; psychological factors such as emotional intelligence, resilience, self-efficacy and motivation etc. can be influential. Emotional intelligence enables a teacher to manage stress, engage with learners appropriately and promote a better learning environment. Resilience works differently as it enables teachers to manage sadness and overcome challenging situations. Self-efficacy is an important component of adjustment from the perspective of one's own ability to succeed, so it is also helpful in determining teachers' adjustment. The more self-efficacy teachers are, the more likely they are to cope with challenges better, push themselves and make successful attempts to face all obstacles to achieve their objectives. Hopefully the study will help teachers to take care of their mental health and cope with the problems and will be beneficial for the learners and the whole education system.

First Indian Women Botanist Padma Shri Dr Edavaleth Kakkat Janaki Ammal

2025-05-12T12:52:11+00:00

Indian women became an important part of scientific community in the early decades and involve in the diverse fields of science and technology. Padma shri awarded Dr. Edavalath Kakkat Janaki Ammal (1897-1984) is one of the most famous, pioneer Indian botanist and plant cytologist who made significant contributions to the fields of Genetics, Evolution, Phytogeography, and Ethnobotany. This brief biographical sketch describes her life, work and contribution in science.

Impact of social media on social and emotional development of students in the current perspective

2025-05-12T12:53:12+00:00

At present, the use of social media has increased rapidly as it has become a medium that affects people's social and emotional life. Student’s social relations, self-esteem, self-consciousness and emotional state are also affected by social media. Studies show that a balanced use of social media can be a medium to increase the educational achievement of students as well as remove their depression and loneliness etc. If it is used in a correct and controlled manner, can give them an opportunity to share a global approach, ability to communicate and knowledge. The need for social comparison and acceptance through social media increases, which also increases mental pressure on students. This research eventually reaches the conclusion that social media has mixed effects on the social and emotional development of students, which depends on the methods, time and purpose of its use. There is a need for more awareness and proper guidance on this subject so that students can avoid its side effects positively.

Importance of parental involvement for child in different family structures

2025-05-12T12:53:44+00:00

The aim of this research paper is to identify the importance of parental involvement in the development and health of children, irrespective of the type of family, for example nuclear, single parent, joint or extended special family. Also, parental involvement has been seen in many contexts, like, emotional, social and developmental. This study shows how family structure affects the nature and extent of parental involvement. Most people believe that parental involvement is important in any family structure, but stress levels, parenting, socio-economic status, culture vary. For example, in a family headed by a single parent, the parent has to do most of the work and also care for the children, thus his/her involvement is often limited. This article shows that promoting healthy parental involvement can reduce the negative effects and risk factors of a negative family structure, leading to stronger community systems and better educational outcomes.

Some Fascinating Numbers and their Importance

2025-06-04T13:28:25+00:00

We are already familiar with Rational, Irrational and Complex numbers but there are a few numbers which are quite fascinating and unlike others. Not everyone knows about them but they are quite often used in branches of Mathematics like Elementary Number Theory, Computational Number Theory, and Computer Science etc. and have a lot of their own importance there. In this article we will see what some of these numbers are and where are they used.

Absenteeism of students in educational institutions in the current context: An analysis

2025-05-12T12:55:21+00:00

This research paper makes an in-depth study of the ill effects of absenteeism of students in educational institutions. At present, the facility of education is available to every human being by the government. Despite these facilities, the number of students in educational institutions is decreasing day by day due to multidimensional reasons. This study tries to understand the reasons due to which students remain absent from college and the ill effects of absenteeism along with its possible solution. This study also reveals that while the facilities of technology are increasing the knowledge of the students, the distance in the relationship between the teacher and the student is increasing, due to which a decrease in moral and life values are seen in the students. Along with the increase in knowledge in any student, it is very important to develop the qualities of becoming an ideal citizen, through which along with the development of the individual, the society and the nation will also develop. The conclusion is that solving the problem of absenteeism is important for student life as well as their social and academic development.

Environmental Sustainability through Green Chemistry

2025-06-02T07:25:36+00:00

Green chemistry is one of the most fundamental and powerful tools to use on the path to sustainability. In fact, without green chemistry and green engineering, there is no path to sustainability. The term green chemistry was coined by Paul T. Anastas in 1991. Its objective is to design chemicals and chemical processes that are less harmful to human health and the environment. Green chemistry protects the environment, not by cleaning, but by inventing new chemical processes that do not pollute the environment. It is clear that many industries and research from many academics recognize the importance of green chemistry. The practice of green chemistry uses a set of principles that reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and applications of chemical products. Chemistry is actually very useful for us as its applications are used for many purposes all over the World. We cannot really imagine a world without chemistry and its applications. However, we should now focus on green chemistry, or sustainable chemistry which means reducing or preventing harm to the environment around us. Therefore, green chemistry can include anything from reducing waste to disposing of waste properly. This article is a brief overview of green chemistry principles.

Intellectual Property Right: A Study

2025-06-02T06:32:19+00:00

The purpose of the present paper enlightens on the intellectual property right and to provide necessary information on this topic. In this, first, we will define the right to intellectual property, the need for intellectual property and the right to intellectual property in the present society and the historical scenario of various acts related to it. It will shed light on the various Acts passed in the Parliament under the Right to Intellectual Property in India and indicate their respective departments. The study presents details on the International Organization for Intellectual Civilization and necessary information as possible as on Copyright, Patent and Trademark.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Membrane Science and Technology: A Comprehensive Review

2025-06-04T13:28:25+00:00

In this paper, the Artificial Intelligence (AI)applications in the membrane science and technology are presented and discussed. Desalination of water, organic and inorganic chemical separations, elimination of bacteria and virus and dialysis are some of the applications of the membrane technologies using reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration. Although, these systems are confined with challenges such as fouling of the membrane, energy utilization, and selectivity. Advanced intelligent paradigms such as machine learning, deep learning neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms have been proved to dispel such hardships. This review presents a logical flow from AI applications in membrane characterization, modeling and simulation, design and optimization, monitoring and control, to defect detection. The prospect, issues, and potential of AI in furthering membrane performance, efficiency, stability, and sustainability are also considered here.

Bio-medical and industrial advantages of usnic acid

2025-06-02T06:34:23+00:00

Lichen is a group of small plants of low order, in which fungi and algae live together. Many species of lichen have been used in ancient times for the treatment of diseases. Lichen of Usnea species was beneficial in hair growth. Similarly, other lichens were used for jaundice, diarrhoea and fevers. Usnic acid is a secondary compound found naturally in the lichen Usnea. Scientific description of bio-medicinal and industrial utility of Usnic acid has been given in detail.

Use of Artificial Intelligence to Understand Biodiversity and Biodiversity Trends

2025-06-04T13:28:25+00:00

Biodiversity is the extraordinary variety of life forms, from genes and species to ecosystems and the valuable functions they perform on Earth. Biological diversity is the variety of all living things and their interactions. Biodiversity changes with extinction and the evolution of new species. There are three levels of diversity: species, genetic, and ecosystem. These levels cannot be separated. Each level is important, interacts with, and affects the others. Change at one level can cause changes at other levels. For about 3.8 billion years, a complex web of life has been evolving on Earth. Millions of species inhabit land, freshwater, and ocean ecosystems. All species, including humans, are intricately connected through their interactions with each other and with the environment in which they live. Biodiversity loss is one of the most serious issues facing humanity, requiring immediate and coordinated action. Despite ongoing conservation efforts, biodiversity has fallen drastically in recent decades. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a tool that provides opportunities to accelerate action on biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity loss is one of the biggest challenges we face today and Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a powerful tool to combat it, providing innovative solutions to monitor, analyse and protect nature. For example, smart cameras can identify and track wildlife, combat poaching, and monitor populations at risk. Bioacoustics sensors can identify species by their sounds, map biodiversity, and detect ecological changes. Drones and satellites can Collecting data on deforestation, overfishing and other activities that threaten nature. Identifying areas at risk of biodiversity loss from forecast models, enabling preventive action. Trend analysis to identify climate change and other long-term monitoring the impact of threats. Adapting conservation strategies to help direct resources to areas and species most identifies areas for reforestation and recovery of degraded ecosystems. Artificial intelligence is a powerful tool that can help protect biodiversity. Through collaboration between scientists, conservationists and AI experts, innovative solutions can be developed to protect biodiversity and ensure a sustainable future for the planet. With the development and application of new technologies, we canensure a more sustainable future.

Kalinjar forte, District-Banda: An Archeological and Geoheritage Site

2025-06-02T06:38:11+00:00

The famous fort of Kalinjar (Kalanjar) is an ancient impregnable hill fort located in the Bundelkhand region. The base of this hill, made of Bundelkhand granite from the Archean age, shows a geological disconformity representing the transition between the Proterozoic Vindhyan supergroup’s sedimentary sandstone. In addition to this distinct geological feature, the fort is also a historical heritage that incorporates architectural styles from the Gupta, Pratihara, Panchayatan Nagar, and ultimately Mughal periods. As citizens of a prosperous nation, it is our duty to preserve and promote this archaeological monument and geological heritage for future generations.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Conservation of Elephants in India

2025-05-12T13:03:39+00:00

Over the past decade, 36 elephant deaths have been recorded due to train collisions in India near railway tracks. Elephants which are designated as National heritage animals of India are facing significant challenges to habitat fragmentation which is caused by human settlements, agriculture and infrastructure projects. In conclusion A.I. Offers innovative solutions for elephant conservation including enhanced monitoring, anti-poaching measures and reducing human animal conflict while having challenges like data availability and infrastructure limitations. AI’s potential in safeguarding elephants is significant, ensuring their survival for future generations when combined with traditional conservation methods and community involvement.

Joshimath- A Tragedy

2025-06-02T06:45:45+00:00

The North-West- Himalaya in the most calamition terrain and is the foci of the recurrent Land- Slide events. Slides are very common features in the fragile environment of the Chamoli in Joshimath district of Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand has faced much natural disaster such a flash flood, cloud burst, Land Slide, Earth Quakes in the last 3 decades.

Nobel laureates (year 2024) and their research-a review

2025-06-04T13:28:25+00:00

The short review of academic introduction, reputed honours received and research of Nobel laureates for year 2024 in the areas of Physiology-Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economics is given in the present article.

Conservation and popularization of Cactus and Sacculent Plants

2025-06-02T06:47:30+00:00

Climate change has become one of the biggest challenges to crop production. Prolonged drought and desertification are major issues facing the Indian hot dry climate region where the rural poor and small farmers are most affected. Therefore, crops which cannot withstand such conditions like drought, high temperature and poor soil etc. need more attention. Cactus crops are attracting worldwide attention due to their unique characteristics that allow them to survive harsh ecological conditions, especially cactus pear or prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.) Cactus can be grown on land where no other crops can grow; hence, it can be used to restore barren lands. It is the only crop that can be relied upon when everything else fails. Thus, it is an eco-friendly crop that can withstand prolonged drought. Using cactus as gardening is also an art which is a blend of creativity, nature and design. While traditional gardens often feature lush greenery and vibrant flowers, there is a growing trend toward including cacti. These resilient plants offer unique textures, attractive forms and a range of colors that can transform any garden into a stunning landscape.

Chemistry of Navarasa

2025-06-04T13:28:25+00:00

Every living being present on earth has a common factor called emotions of feelings which may differ from species to species. These emotions are the results of some chemical reactions occurred in our brain at any particular situation. Generally in human being there are nine types of rasas (emotions) present for different behaviors. Among ancient days psychiatrists Greeks were the first to find the link between the physical body and human emotional responses. Human brain produces various types of neurotransmitters or hormones such as dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline, oxytocin etc. to express the emotions such as happiness, anger and love. The chemistry of these chemicals of emotions which we experience in every day life is described here in details.

Toxic plants and Crime

2025-06-04T13:28:25+00:00

Poison is a substance when administered by mouth, injection and inhalation, through skin, mucous membrane or contact to body can deteriote health even death. These poisons may be mineral salts, different natural and synthetic chemicals or obtained from animals or plants. Poison of plant origin and can be obtained from different parts of plant, seeds, latex, or plant extract. These silent weapons can destroy life of any human or animal secretly without any violence. The poisons of plant origin were used by criminals for burglary, rape and homicide or murders. These can be used by mixing in drinks or food, contact with body or injecting in the body of the victim. There is a long list of poisonous plants which are toxic and were used in India for lethal crimes. Most of these plants are also of medicinal importance and are used in ayurvedic, homeopathic and in allopathic medicine. A specific quantity of a specific plant product may act as a potential medicine and beyond that quantity may act as an intoxicant or poisons and may cause death. Now day’s viruses, bacteria, extract of micro algae and dianophysian organism are also used in crime, specially viruses and bacteria as bio-weapons.

Uttar Pradesh as the Center of National Politics: An Analytical Study

2025-05-12T12:57:17+00:00

Uttar Pradesh plays a significant role in Indian national politics. This research paper analyzes the political importance of Uttar Pradesh while reviewing its historical, social, and cultural aspects. The study highlights the contributions of major political movements, parties, and leaders from Uttar Pradesh who have played a crucial role in shaping national politics. Additionally, it examines the prominent role of Uttar Pradesh in Lok Sabha elections and the political outcomes arising from it. This paper is an attempt to understand the evolving political landscape of Uttar Pradesh and its impact on national politics. The study makes it clear that Uttar Pradesh is an integral part of India's political framework, not only from a political perspective but also in terms of its social and cultural context.

Electric vehicle for clean transport

2025-06-02T07:09:22+00:00

The ongoing discourse on electric vehicles (EVs) in India is complex, encompassing various
perspectives on emissions, costs, and policy. While electric vehicles are often promoted as zero-emission
solutions, experts point out that in India, where 75% of electricity is generated from coal, the life cycle of EVs
may not be entirely emission-free. Some argue that hybrid vehicles, with their smaller battery packs and better
fuel efficiency, currently offer a better balance of emission reduction and cost-effectiveness in the Indian context.
The discussion also highlights the role of government subsidies and policies in shaping the automotive market.
Key types of electric vehicles have been analyzed, and the benefits of EVs have been emphasized. Challenges
associated with adopting EVs in India have been outlined. Globally and domestically, there has been a significant
surge in the demand and sales of EVs for clean transportation. Sales are expected to grow at an even faster pace in
the coming years. According to the International Energy Agency's report, EV sales in India increased by over
50% in the first half of 2024, compared to a global growth rate of just 25%.